Answer:
A Land and Hold Short Opporation is a procedure depicted in the Airport Facilities Directory and requires the pilot to follow the directions as stated,  generally, to land and stop before a specific point on the runway.  This is generally used when there are intersecting runways of which both are in use at a given time. 
If ATC asks you to land and hold short at a point, you must have the written land and hold short information, and know that you are capable of complying.  Otherwise, state, "unable."  If you are a student pilot, state, "unable - student pilot."  If you do not have the information, are not capable of following the information, or are a student pilot, you are unable to Land and Hold Short. 

Answer:

Entering:
Reduce power while holding altitude and slowing down.  When speed drops below 100, start adding flaps, one knotch at a time.  When speed drops to 65, pull power to idle, and momentarily enter a 500 ft per minute descent.  Gradually bring the nose up until buffeting.  Annonce stall on in-plane intercom. 

Exiting:
Add full power, and lower nose.  Remove one knotch of flaps.  When speed reaches 70 knots, remove the last two knotches of flaps, one at a time. 

Answer:

Take-off:
Make sure the plane is airborne over a point of the runway prior to the point of the runway at which the jet's main tires left the runway.  Then, turn into the wind because wing-tip vortasies travel with the wind. 

Landing:
Touch-down on a point of the runway after the point at which the main tires of the jet touched-down. 

Answer:
A spin is when the plane is stalled, and one wing is more fully stalled than the other one.  The nose will be pointed down, and the wing that is less fully stalled will still have lift.  Therefore, a spin will generate around the fuselage. 

The first three steps to exit a spin are done simultaneously.
1. Neutralized the ailerons.
2. power to idle
3. opposite rudder from the direction of spin
Then:
4. Push the yoke forward abruptly to eliminate the stall.
Now:
5: Slowly raise the nose to fly back to straight and level.

Answer:
"Pilot Flying" (new term for pilot/pilot-in-command) says "You have the controls." to "Pilot Monitoring" (new term for co-pilot).
"Pilot Monitoring" says "I have the controls." to "Pilot Flying".
Former "Pilot Flying" (now "Pilot Monitoring") says "You have the controls." to former "Pilot Monitoring" (now "Pilot Flying").
Former "Pilot Flying" visually confirms that the former "Pilot Monitoring" is now flying the aircraft. 

OR

"Pilot Monitoring" says "I have the controls." to "Pilot Flying".
"Pilot Flying" says "You have the controls." to "Pilot Monitoring".
 Former "Pilot Monitoring" says"I have the controls." former "Pilot Flying".
Former "Pilot Flying" visually confirms that the former "Pilot Monitoring" is now flying the aircraft. 

Answer:
"The 5 Ps consist of “the Plan, the Plane, the Pilot, the Passengers, and the Programming.” All of these are important for aeronautical decision-making and safety." - Jim Bellinger

Note: While all orders of the 5 P's are correct, FlyBoys prefers "Pilot, Passengers, Plane, Programming, Plan" because that is the order the FAA uses. 

Answer:
"Aeronautical decision-making (ADM) is decision-making in a unique environment—aviation. It is a systematic approach to the mental process used by pilots to consistently determine the best course of action in response to a given set of circumstances. It is what a pilot intends to do based on the latest information he or she has." - Jim Bellinger

Answer:
"I: Illness - Do I have an illness or any symptoms of an illness?
M: Medication - Have I been taking prescription or over-the-counter drugs?
S: Stress - Am I under psychological pressure from the job? Worried about financial matters, health problems or family discord?
A: Alcohol - Have I been drinking within eight hours? Within 24 hours?
F: Fatigue - Am I tired and not adequately rested?
E: Eating - Am I adequately nourished?"
- Jim Bellinger

Note: This response has been slightly edited from its original format.  No content, word choice, etc. has been changed; it has simply been modified to allow easier viewing on the webpage.